{"id":686,"date":"2021-04-29T18:25:27","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T15:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/?p=686"},"modified":"2021-04-30T16:46:37","modified_gmt":"2021-04-30T13:46:37","slug":"donusumun-merkezinde-iklim-var","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/donusumun-merkezinde-iklim-var\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir Zirvenin Daha Ard\u0131ndanYEN\u0130<\/span> "},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnya bir u\u00e7urumun kenar\u0131nda. Uyar\u0131 en \u00fcst perdeden dile getirildi. BM Genel Sekreteri Say\u0131n Guterres milyarlarca y\u0131l boyunca say\u0131s\u0131z badireyi atlatm\u0131\u015f ya\u015fl\u0131 d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 bekleyen tehlikeyi bu s\u00f6zlerle d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna duyurdu.<\/p>\n

Meteoroloji uyar\u0131yor<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemini me\u015fgul eden COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 esas\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya verilen zarar\u0131 bir nebze olsa da g\u00f6rmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131. Hareketlili\u011fin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00fcretimin durmas\u0131 uzaklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131ld\u0131. Do\u011fam\u0131z nefes ald\u0131. Ancak ne var ki emisyonlar kesilmedi. \u0130\u00e7ine kapanan d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fam\u0131n devam\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 da olsa ula\u015f\u0131m, \u00fcretim, ileti\u015fim gibi faaliyetler devam etti. Bu noktada atmosfere verilen kirleticiler durmaks\u0131z\u0131n devam etti. An\u0131lan kirleticilerden \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kanlardan birisi de k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmada ba\u015frol oynayan seragazlar\u0131 oldu. Bu durum D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fcresel \u0130klim G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc Raporunda da verilerle desteklendi. Evet, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 adeta durduran pandemi ne yaz\u0131k ki iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin olumsuz etkilerini yava\u015flatamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

20 Nisan 2021\u2019de Lansman\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Raporda ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sanayi \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme k\u0131yasla +1,20<\/sup>C seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu art\u0131\u015fta ana akt\u00f6rlerinden birisi olan karbondioksit konsantrasyonunun da yeni bir art\u0131\u015fla 410 ppm de\u011ferine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise bu de\u011ferin 414 ppm de\u011ferine ula\u015fabilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirildi. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131tlardaki en s\u0131cak 3 y\u0131ldan birisi oldu\u011fu vurgulanan raporda, ayn\u0131 zamanda, 2015-2020 d\u00f6neminin kay\u0131tlardaki en s\u0131cak 6 y\u0131l\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi. Keza son 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem olan 2010-2020 aras\u0131n\u0131n ise yine kay\u0131tlardaki en s\u0131cak 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem oldu\u011fu ifade edildi. Sibirya\u2019da 38C\u2019ye ula\u015fan tarihi kay\u0131tlardaki en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferinin aylar s\u00fcren orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 tetikledi\u011fi ve etkisini daha da y\u00fckseltti\u011fi hepimizin malumu.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n beraberinde hava olaylar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisinin de giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtilen Raporda; Pasifik Kas\u0131rga sezonunda yeni bir rekor ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu noktada 30\u2019u a\u015fan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 kas\u0131rgan\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkilerinin COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ile birlikte katlanarak art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ifade edilen Raporda, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sadece ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek durumunda kalan n\u00fcfusun 9,8 milyon dolaylar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu vurguland\u0131. Yine kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sard\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcney Amerika’n\u0131n i\u00e7 kesimlerinde ya\u015fanan mahsul kay\u0131plar\u0131, Afrika ve Asya\u2019y\u0131 vuran sel ve ta\u015fk\u0131nlar gibi hadiselerin de 50 milyondan fazla ki\u015fiyi etkiledi\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Raporda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan di\u011fer bir konu ise artan deniz suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Deniz sular\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n rekor seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve artmaya da devam etti\u011fi, bu durumun da \u00f6nemli bir yutak alan\u0131 olan denizlerde daha fazla karbondioksitin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ile asitle\u015fmenin meydana geldi\u011fi, netice itibari ile de daha fazla karbon emiliminin \u00f6nlendi\u011fi, keza okyanuslar\u0131n %80\u2019inin en az bir s\u0131cak dalgaya maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve buradaki mercan resifleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011fu da dikkat \u00e7eken hususlar aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rapor Lansman\u0131nda konu\u015fan BM Genel Sekreteri Say\u0131n Guterres ise d\u00fcnyan\u0131n u\u00e7urumun kenar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu, karbonun art\u0131k bir fiyat\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, bu itibarla da Glasgow’da d\u00fczenlenecek 26. Taraflar Toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (COP26) \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekti. Bu itibarla, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bilim ve dayan\u0131\u015fma \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kilit y\u0131l olmas\u0131n\u0131n beklendi\u011fi ifade edildi.<\/p>\n

ABD tekrar sahne al\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm d\u00fcnya kamuoyundaki beklentide esas olarak 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadelede bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmas\u0131.\u00a0 Zira 21. Taraflar Konferans\u0131nda m\u00fczakere edilerek 22 Nisan 2016 tarihinde imzaya a\u00e7\u0131lan ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemine ait uygulama arac\u0131 Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 4 Kas\u0131m 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda resmen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fi her y\u0131l d\u00fczenlenen Taraflar Toplant\u0131s\u0131 (COP26) bu itibarla farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6nem arz ediyordu. Ancak salg\u0131n dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile bu y\u0131la ertelendi.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte tarihsel bazda en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorumlulu\u011fa sahip ve y\u0131ll\u0131k bazda en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci seragaz\u0131 sal\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ABD, bir \u00f6nceki ba\u015fkan Trump d\u00f6neminde Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu karar d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak 2020 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri d\u00f6neminde Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131na tekrar d\u00f6nece\u011fine vaatleri aras\u0131nda yer veren Joe Biden, kendisinin ba\u015fkan olmas\u0131na da b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan bu vaadi Ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ildikten sonra hemen hayata ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve\u00a0 ABD’yi tekrar s\u00fcrece dahil etmi\u015fti. ABD bununla da kalmad\u0131. \u00c7evresel unsurlar baz\u0131nda Trump d\u00f6neminde bozulan imaj\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek ve d\u00fcnyada yine \u00f6nc\u00fc konumda bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek ad\u0131na yeni bir giri\u015fimde daha bulunmu\u015f ve Nisan ay\u0131nda \u0130klim Liderler Zirvesi d\u00fczenleyece\u011fini duyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya G\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u201cZirve\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te Zirvenin 22 Nisan\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi duyuruldu. Tarih \u00f6nemli idi. Zira o g\u00fcn D\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fc idi. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin Santa Barbara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na d\u00f6k\u00fclen 12 milyon litre petrol bir anda dikkatleri artan \u00e7evresel bask\u0131lara y\u00f6neltmi\u015fti. Bunun \u00fczerine 22 Nisan 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve 20 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n ki\u015finin izledi\u011fi etkinlikler ayn\u0131 zamanda ABD\u2019de \u201cTemiz Hava\u201d ve \u201cTemiz Su\u201d konular\u0131nda yasal d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7in tetikleyici rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O g\u00fcnden beri de 22 Nisan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n adeta do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kutlan\u0131lan bir g\u00fcn haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. D\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onu tehdit eden k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7evresel soruna dikkat \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in kutlan\u0131lan bir g\u00fcnd\u00fc 22 Nisan. Zaten bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 da 5 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yine bir 22 Nisan D\u00fcnya G\u00fcn\u00fcnde imzaya a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile 22 Nisan ayn\u0131 zamanda Paris\u2019in de y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Zirveye aralar\u0131nda Say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 40 d\u00fcnya lideri davet edildi. Joe Biden, Zirve Etkinli\u011fi ile Trump zaman\u0131nda bozulan \u00e7evresel hassasiyeti tekrar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zirveye 1 kala…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zirveden hemen \u00f6nce de birtak\u0131m geli\u015fmeler oldu. Bunlardan ilki ABD ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerdi. Her iki \u00fclkenin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ba\u015fm\u00fczakerecileri nezdinde Beijing\u2019de 2 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sonucunda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele ve uyum noktas\u0131nda her iki \u00fclkenin daha yak\u0131n olacaklar\u0131, \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile Paris gibi anla\u015fmalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda iki \u00fclkenin i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve liderli\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fi, Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedefine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in iki \u00fclkenin di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle birlikte s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar\u0131, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde karbon yo\u011fun fosil enerjiden yenilenebilir, ye\u015fil ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerjiye dayal\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m ve finanslardan maksimum d\u00fczeyde destek al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 alacaklar\u0131, Kigali De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olarak an\u0131lan ve hidroklorokarbon (HCF) \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketiminin zamanla azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Montreal Protokol\u00fcnde azalt\u0131m takvimi ile uyumlu hareket edilece\u011fi ortak bir mutabakata vard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme ise Zirveden tam bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. COP25 sonras\u0131 Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131n\u0131 deklare eden Avrupa Birli\u011fi ye\u015fil mutabakat ile belirledi\u011fi 2050\u2019de karbon-n\u00f6tr k\u0131ta olmak i\u00e7in 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azalt\u0131m hedefini m\u00fczakere etti. Olduk\u00e7a yo\u011fun ve \u00e7etin ge\u00e7en m\u00fczakereler sonucunda Avrupa Komisyonu seragazlar\u0131n\u0131 1990 seviyesine g\u00f6re %55 azaltma noktas\u0131nda \u00f6n anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Zirvede neler oldu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kendi i\u00e7ine kapatan salg\u0131n dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile dev Zirve \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. En \u00e7ok sera gaz\u0131 salan \u00dclkelerden \u00c7in, Hindistan, Japonya, AB, Rusya zirvedeydi. Katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden en \u00e7ok etkilenecek Kenya ve Gabon gibi Afrika \u00fclkeleri ile deniz seviyelerindeki y\u00fckselme ile birlikte sular alt\u0131nda kalma riski ta\u015f\u0131yan Marshall Adalar\u0131 ile Antigua ve Barbuda gibi ada \u00fclkeler de zirvedeydi.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya kamuoyu adeta zirveye kilitlendi. Zira COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ile adeta zirve yapan \u00e7evresel sorunlar art\u0131k \u00e7ok ciddi ad\u0131mlar istiyor. Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sanayi \u00f6ncesine k\u0131yasla +20<\/sup>C alt\u0131nda veya m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse +1,50<\/sup>C derecede tutma hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in daha iddial\u0131 hedeflerin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bekleniyordu.<\/p>\n

Ev sahibi s\u0131fat\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 Joe Biden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.\u00a0 \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkileri ile herhangi bir devletin tek ba\u015f\u0131na m\u00fccadelesinin yetersiz oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fc\u015fterek hareketin \u00f6nemine de\u011finen Biden, S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 Hedef y\u0131l\u0131 olan 2030 i\u00e7in de yeni hedefleri duyurdu. ABD 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 2005 de\u011ferine k\u0131yasla emisyonlarda yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya kadar (%50-52) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f taahh\u00fcd\u00fc verdi. Paris\u2019in imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sene ABD\u2019nin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu INDC 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 2005 emisyon de\u011ferlerinin %26-28 alt\u0131na indirilece\u011fi taahh\u00fcd\u00fc verilmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu yeni de\u011fer \u00f6nceki azalt\u0131m de\u011ferinin tam olarak 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak yorumland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yine ye\u015fil ekonomi, yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma, elektrikli ara\u00e7lar gibi alanlara dair 2 trilyon dolarl\u0131k altyap\u0131 destek paketi \u00f6nerdi. Bununla birlikte ABD ayn\u0131 zamanda geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere uyum i\u00e7in sunaca\u011f\u0131 deste\u011fi de 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n

ABD’nin bu tutumu di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck emisyon sal\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n da benzer \u015fekilde hedeflerini y\u00fckseltmeleri beklentisini do\u011furdu. Ancak beklenen olmad\u0131. ABD\u2019nin bu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00c7in ve Hindistan gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck emisyon salan \u00fclkeler emisyonlara devam edeceklerini duyurdu. Brezilya ise amazonlar\u0131n korunumu i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f devletlerden y\u0131ll\u0131k 1 milyar dolar katk\u0131 sunmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi Japonya\u2019dan da bir hamle bekleniyordu. Zira daha \u00f6nce sunulan %26\u2019l\u0131k azalt\u0131m de\u011feri hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Japonya ad\u0131na s\u00f6z alan Ba\u015fbakan Yoshihide Suga beklentileri k\u0131smen kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f ve 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 2013 de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re %46 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise net-s\u0131f\u0131r hedefini payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Benzer bir hareket de Kanada\u2019dan geldi. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda sunulan Ulusal Katk\u0131 Beyan\u0131nda 2005 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla emisyonlarda %30\u2019luk bir azalma \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Kanada ad\u0131na s\u00f6z alan Ba\u015fbakan Justin Trudeau hedef y\u00fckseltti. ABD’ye benzer \u015fekilde 2005 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla %40-45 azalt\u0131m hedefini deklare etti. Ayr\u0131ca gezegenin kirlenmesine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilecek bir a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle acil eyleme ge\u00e7ilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan en b\u00fcy\u00fck seragaz\u0131 sal\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7in ise geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclke olarak 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar emisyonlar\u0131na devam edece\u011fini, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda pik de\u011fere ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 2060 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise karbon n\u00f6tr olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bunu yan\u0131nda, bir de m\u00fcjde verdi. K\u00f6m\u00fcr kaynakl\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n hemen hemen yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sorumlu bulunan \u00c7in, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltacaklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n

Benzer \u015fekilde d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck seragaz\u0131 sal\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Rusya\u2019da net de\u011fer vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele noktas\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fen sorumluluklar\u0131 yerine getirdiklerini, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00fc\u00e7 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli azalt\u0131mda bulunacaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Ayr\u0131ca, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n halihaz\u0131rda 1990 y\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, karbondioksitten 84 kat daha fazla sera etkisi olu\u015fturan metan gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel azalt\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerden biri olan Hindistan ise yeni bir taahh\u00fctte bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fccadele noktas\u0131nda gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahsetti.\u00a0 Bu itibarla 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 450 GW yenilenebilir enerji kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn in\u015fa edilece\u011fini duyurdu.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Kore Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Moon Jae ise Kore\u2019nin k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc santrallere kamu desteklerini durduracaklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Brezilya da 2060 olarak duyurdu\u011fu karbon n\u00f6tr hedefini 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na \u00e7ekti. Ayr\u0131ca, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n akci\u011ferleri olarak addedilen Amazonlardaki yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ormans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyetleri ile etkin m\u00fccadele edeceklerini, bunu yan\u0131nda da Amazonlar\u0131n korunumu i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f devletlerden y\u0131ll\u0131k 1 milyar dolar katk\u0131 sunmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi.<\/p>\n

Zirveye konu\u015fan Almanya \u015eans\u00f6lyesi Merkel ise ABD\u2019nin tekrar Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131na taraf olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu memnuniyeti belirti.<\/p>\n

BM Genel Sekreteri Say\u0131n Guterres taraf\u0131ndan da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir u\u00e7urumun kenar\u0131na geldi\u011fini, 2030’a giden yolda acil ve etkin \u00f6nlemlerin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini istedi. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bu manada eylem y\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 beklediklerini yineledi.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda deklare etti\u011fi Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 1990 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla emisyonlarda %55\u2019lik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fc verirken AB\u2019den ayr\u0131lan Birle\u015fik krall\u0131k ise 2035 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 1990 y\u0131l\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131na g\u00f6re %78\u2019lik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ile en y\u00fcksek hedefi payla\u015fan \u00fclke oldu. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz bunda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Glasgow\u2019da d\u00fczenlenecek 26. \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Taraflar Toplant\u0131s\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapacak olmas\u0131 da etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Zirveye kat\u0131lan Say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z hitaplar\u0131nda tarih boyunca do\u011fa ile uyumlu hareket eden bir millet oldu\u011fumuz vurgusunu yapt\u0131. Bu itibarla k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tarihi sorumlulu\u011fumuz yok denecek kadar az olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00fclkemizde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile etkin bir m\u00fccadelenin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilgisini verdi. Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Niyet Edilen Ulusal Katk\u0131 Beyan\u0131m\u0131z (INDC)<\/em> kapsam\u0131nda 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda art\u0131\u015ftan azalt\u0131m olmak \u00fczere sragazlar\u0131nda %21\u2019lik taahh\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc yinelediler. \u00dclkemizin benzer stat\u00fcde yer alan \u00fclkelerle ayn\u0131 durumda de\u011ferlendirilmesi, bu noktada adil bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesine dair d\u00fcnya liderlerine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunuldu. Bununla birlikte \u00f6nemli yutak alanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan olan denizlerimizdeki korunan alanlar\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k denizlerde \u00f6zel koruma alanlar\u0131 belirlenmesi i\u00e7in d\u00fcnya liderlerine \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n

Paris 2050 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

BM de\u011ferlendirmelerine g\u00f6re Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n hedeflerine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel bazda emisyonlar\u0131n 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %45 oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise karbon n\u00f6tr olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim Eylem Takibi (Climate Action Tracker)<\/em> de\u011ferlendirmelerine g\u00f6re Zirve kapsam\u0131nda sunulan yeni taahh\u00fctler, Paris’in imzalanmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda sunulan ulusal katk\u0131 beyanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha iyi seviyede. Ancak her ne kadar daha y\u00fcksek azalt\u0131m hedefleri sunulmu\u015f olsa da\u00a0\u00a0 k\u00fcm\u00fclatif bazda k\u00fcresel seragaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131nda 2,6 ile 3,7 GtCO2<\/sub>e (Gigaton Karbondioksit e\u015fde\u011feri) <\/em>aras\u0131nda bir azalt\u0131m sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Oransal a\u00e7\u0131dan %12-14 de\u011ferinde bir azalt\u0131m sunan bu yeni NDC\u2019lerin ne yaz\u0131k ki 2050 Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerinden hala \u00e7ok uzak oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Zira Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc +1,50<\/sup>C i\u00e7in hala 20-24 GtCO2<\/sub>e de\u011ferinde bir azalt\u0131m gerekiyor. Bu de\u011fer kabaca halihaz\u0131rda en b\u00fcy\u00fck seragaz\u0131 salan \u00c7in ve ABD\u2019nin y\u0131ll\u0131k ulusal emisyon de\u011ferlerine e\u015fde\u011fer bir miktar. Yine basit bir k\u0131yasla ABD\u2019nin Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in \u0130klim Liderler Zirvesinde beyan ettikleri %50-52 azalt\u0131m\u0131n en az %57-63 seviyelerinde olmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Evet, d\u00fcnyada bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm var. \u0130klimi merkeze alan, do\u011fa temelli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere y\u00f6nelen bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm var. Ancak yeterli de\u011fil. Paris, ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Umutlar\u0131 Glasgow\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnya bir u\u00e7urumun kenar\u0131nda. Uyar\u0131 en \u00fcst perdeden dile getirildi. BM Genel Sekreteri Say\u0131n Guterres milyarlarca y\u0131l boyunca say\u0131s\u0131z badireyi atlatm\u0131\u015f ya\u015fl\u0131 d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 bekleyen tehlikeyi bu s\u00f6zlerle d\u00fcnya kamuoyuna duyurdu. Meteoroloji uyar\u0131yor Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemini me\u015fgul eden COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 esas\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya verilen zarar\u0131 bir nebze olsa da g\u00f6rmemizi sa\u011flad\u0131. Hareketlili\u011fin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":687,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/686"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=686"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":689,"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/686\/revisions\/689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/birpinar.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}